Īt present, more articles have been published describing the prevalence characteristics of HFMD in local areas, while fewer articles have described the prevalence characteristics of HFMD in all over the country. In addition, many meteorological factors such as high temperature, low pressure, and abundant precipitation are also closely related to the incidence of HFMD. The incidence of HFMD is relatively high in low latitudes such as the tropics and temperate zones. Studies have shown that latitude can affect the prevalence of HFMD to some extent. In the north, the incidence is mostly a single peak, with the season from June to September, and the incidence is less in winter. The first peak of HFMD in the south is from May to June, and the second peak is from September to October. In China, the peak seasons of HFMD in the north and south are slightly different. The prevalence of HFMD also varies with different countries, regions, seasons, latitudes, weather, and other factors. HFMD occurs mainly in children under 3 years of age, and there is a gender difference, with boys slightly higher than girls. Worldwide, the proportion of HFMD caused by EV71 infection has increased gradually in recent years, and has become the main pathogen of the disease. The symptoms caused by CoxA16 are mild and self-limited, while EV71 infection leads to rapid progression of the disease and can be life-threatening in severe cases. The clinical manifestations of human infection with the 2 viruses are different. HFMD has a variety of pathogenic types, with EV71 infection alternating with CoxAl6 infection as the dominant type leading to the epidemic of HFMD. A small number of patients infected with EV71 can cause encephalitis, meningitis, encephalomyelitis, myocarditis, acute delayed paralysis, and even death in severe cases. Most patients have mild symptoms, including fever, fatigue, malaise, and respiratory discomfort.
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The patient usually has an acute onset, accompanied by herpes on the skin or mucous membrane of the hands, feet, mouth, etc, which contains inflammatory exudate and surrounding redness. The clinical asymptomatic stage of HFMD is generally maintained at 3 to 5 days, and the course of disease is about 7 to 10 days. HFMD is most common in children under 10 years of age, especially children under 5 years of age. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16), human enterovirus 71 (EV71), and other human enterovirus infection.
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